| YEAR | KEYWORD | EVENT |
|---|---|---|
| 954 | ABINGDON | Abingdon Monastery founded by Aethelwold, monks famous for manuscript illumination, Winchester School |
| 1689 | ALESSANDRINA | At her death in 1689, Christina of Sweden's library, known as the Bibliotheca Alessandrina (she considered herself a female Alexander the Great), was transferred to the Vatican Library. |
| -295 | ALEXANDRIA LIBARY | King Ptolemy I Soter enlisted the services of the orator Demetrios Phalereus, a former governor of Athens, and empowered him to collect, if he could, all the books in the inhabited world. To support his efforts, the king sent letters to all sovereigns and governors on earth requesting that the furnish workd by poets and prose-writers, rhetoricians and sophists, doctors and soothsayers, historians, and all others too (Flavius Josephus). Agents were sent out to scout the cities of Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Foreign vessels calling in at Alexandria were searched routinely for scrolls and manuscripts. Transcripts were returned in due course, but the originals remained confiscated in the library. The story of the 47 AD destruction of the library is only partly true. Some 40,000 of the 700,000 volumes did go up in flames. |
| 47 | ALEXANDRIA LIBRARY DAMAGED | The great Library of Alexandria was damaged by fire when Julius Caeser besieged the city. It was said at one time to contain copies and translations of all known books (scrolls), between 400,000 and 500,000. It was later ravaged by civil war in the late 200s AD and by 400, nothing was left. |
| 391 | ALEXANDRIAN LIBRARY | Alexandrian Library destroyed under the direction of Archbishop Theophilus of Antioch (destruction of temple of Serapis) |
| 1661 | ALGONQUIN | Bible. first bible published in America by Samuel Green (John Eliot's Algonquin Indian version) |
| 1857 | AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS | Bullen, Henry Lewis, d.1938, creator of American Type Founders Company Library and Museum in Jersey City. |
| 1891 | AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS | Founding American Type Founders Company |
| 716 | AMITIANUS | Amiatinus. Codex Amiatinus, made at the scriptorium of the twin monasteries Wearmouth and Jarrow near Newcastle, Northumbria. This codex brings together the entire old and new testament in 1,030 folios in a single binding.. |
| 1539 | AMMAN | Amman. birth Jost Amman |
| 1793 | ANNALES TYPOGRAPHICI | Annales Typographici ab artis inventae origine ad annum MD by Georg Panzer |
| 1734 | AQUATINT | This process was invented by Jean-Baptiste Le Prince (1734-1784). François Janinet (1752-1813) was the first to employ it for colour prints, by using several plates. Francisco Goya made great use of it, often combining it with line engraving, etching and also drypoint. In more recent times it has been one of the favourite techniques of Georges Rouault (1871-1958) and Pablo Picasso. |
| 1469 | ARCHES | Arches Papermill in Vosges, France |
| 1926 | ARGONAU | Argonau Press, London (until 1938) |
| 1888 | ARP, HANS. | Jean (Hans) Arp (1888-1966) Alsatian, born Strasbourg, attended Strasbourg School of Applied Art, studied at Weimar Art School. Contributed to Blaue Reiter exhibitions. Co-founder of DADA Zurich 1916. |
| 1490 | ARRIGHI | Blado, Antonio, d.1567. Printer in Rome, had cursive type face designed by Arrighi. |
| 1466 | ARS MORIENDI | Ars Moriendi published first time |
| 1514 | ASCENIUS | Denmark Chronicle printed by Ascenius in Paris |
| 1894 | ASHENDENE | Ashendene Press (Published until 1938) |
| 1824 | ATHENEUM | Atheneum Club in London founded by Richard Heber |
| 1650 | ATLAS MAGNUS | Atlas Magnus Blaeu made between 1650-1662. |
| 1853 | AUER | Nature Printing developed by Alois Auer |
| -28 | AUGUSTUS | Augustus. Under the reign of emporer Augustus two large libraries were founded, the Palatine and the Octavian library |
| 750 | AUREUS | Aureus. Codex Aureaus written, probably at Canterbury |
| 1726 | AUSTRIA NATIONAL LIBRARY | Austria. Imperial Library (now National Library) building built by J.B.Fischer |
| 1462 | BADIUS | Badius Ascensius, Jodocus (1535). Parisian printer |
| 1785 | BAER OF FRANKFURT | Oldest German used book business founded by Joseph Baer of Frankfurt |
| 1713 | BAINE | Baine, John (1790). Edinburgh typefounder |
| 1495 | BALE | Bale, John (1563). Compiler of first bibliography in England |
| 1772 | BALLANTYNE | Ballantyne, James (1833). Publisher of Sir Walter Scott |
| 1759 | BALSTON | Balston, William (1849). English papermaker |
| 1848 | BAMPTON PRESS | Bampton Press' foundation date. |
| 1870 | BARLACH, ERNST | German, studied at Hamburg School of Applied Art, Dresden Academy, and Académie Julian in Paris. One of the most important German expressionist artists. Some of the books he illustrated: Der Tote Tag (1912), Der Arme Vetter (1919), Goethe Gedichte (1924), Schiller: An Die Freude (1927). |
| 1706 | BASKERVILLE | Baskerville, John (1775), Typefounder and printer in Birmingham. |
| 1922 | BASKIN, LEONARD | American, born New Brunswick. Studied at Yale University School of Fien Arts, The New School in Paris, and with Maurice Glickman. Books illustrated: A Little Book of Natural History (1951), Castle Street Dogs (1954), Voyages, Six Poems, Hart Crane (1957), Horned Beetles and Other Insects (1958), Auguries of Innocence, William Blake (1959). |
| 1837 | BAUERSCHE GIESSEREI | Bauersche Giesserei (until 1971). Typefounders |
| 1835 | BAXTER | Baxter patented his printing process |
| 1804 | BAXTER | Baxter, George (d. 1867). Patented letterpress process for color printing |
| 1804 | BAXTER PROCESS | Baxter, George, d.1867, inventor if the Baxter Process for colorprinting (combination of intaglio and relief printing) |
| 1640 | BAY PSALM BOOK | Bay Psalm Book published |
| 1515 | BE | Be, Guillaume le, d.1598, punchmaker, matrix maker and typefounder of troyes |
| 1872 | BEARDSLEY, AUBREY VINCENT | (1872-1898). Self taught artist. Draughtsman who was primarily an illustrator, one of the most influential English artists of the nineties. Books: The Birth, Life and Acys of King Arthur (1893-1894); Salome, translated by Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas (1894). |
| 1917 | BEAUMONT PRESS | Beaumont Press, London, closed in 1931 |
| 1884 | BECKMANN, MAX | Born in Leipzig. Studied at Weimar School of Art, joined Berlin Secession. Active in Berlin and Frankfurt. Fled to Holland 1937, to USA 1947. Taught at Washington University, St. Louis, and Brooklyn College. expresionist painter and graphic artist. Books: Eurydikes Wiederkehr (1909); Die Fürstin (1918); Stadtnacht (1921); Ebbi (1924). |
| 1389 | BEDFORD | Bedford, John of Lancaster, Duke. The Bedford Missal, 1423 |
| 1325 | BELLEVILLE | Belleville Breviary by Jean Pucelle (Parisian manuscript painter) |
| 1495 | BEMBO | Bembo. First Latin book from the Aldus' press was Pietro Bembo's dialog about Aetna (printed in a roman type that became the model for later French types, including Garamond's |
| 1868 | BERNARD, EMILE | At age sixteen Emile Bernard (1868-1941) entered atelier Cormon, where he was associated with Toulouse-Lautrec and Van Gogh. At Pont Aven with Gaigain in 1886 and 1888. Member of Nabis. Book: Les Amours (Pierre de Ronsard, 1915). |
| 1840 | BERRES, Dr. JOSEPH | 18 April 1840 Dr. Joseph Berres, professorof anatomy in Vienna, stated in the Wiener Zeitung that he had succeede in converting daguerreotypes in to printing plates. |
| 1340 | BERRY | Berry, Jean duc de (d.1416). Les Tres Riches Heures. |
| 1790 | BEWICK | Bewick: A General history of Quadrupeds |
| 1804 | BEWICK | Bewick: History of British Birds Vol II |
| 1797 | BEWICK | Bewick: History of British Birds Vol.I |
| 1753 | BEWICK | Bewick, Thomas (d. 1828) |
| 1790 | BEWICK | Bewick's History of Quadrupeds |
| 1325 | BIBLE | Biblia Pauperum made in Klosterneuburg near Vienna |
| 1471 | BIBLE | Malermi Bible (Italian translation of the Vulgate) first printed in Venice by Wendelin da Spira |
| 1522 | BIBLE | Luther, Melchior Lotter printed the first edition of Luthers' translation of the New Testament |
| 1661 | BIBLE | Bible. first bible published in America by Samuel Green (John Eliot's Algonquin Indian version) |
| 1140 | BIBLE | Winchester Bible, 1140-1190, English late Romanesque illumination |
| 1516 | BIBLE | Bible. Johan Froben of Basle published New Testament in Greek |
| -100 | BIBLE | Nash Papyrus, oldest known biblical fragment, containing the Hebrew text of the ten commandments. Acquired in Egypt 1902 by W.L.Nash and now in Cambridge University Library. |
| 1534 | BIBLE | Luther. First complete Luther bible translation, illustrated, was printed by Hans Lufft at Wittenberg |
| 1465 | BIBLE, BIBLIA PAPUPERUM | Biblia Pauperum, first typeset edition made near Brussels, illustrations based on drawings by Rogier van der Weijden. |
| 1461 | BIBLE, BIBLIA PAUPERUM | Biblia Pauperum issued in Bamberg with handcolored illustrations |
| 1648 | BIBLE, DEVIL'S | Devil's Bible. When the Swedes stormed Prague in 1648 they took(stole) many books including the rich collection of the Bohemian kings at Hradschin, many vellum manuscripts, including the Devil's Bible |
| 1553 | BIBLE, FERRARA | Ferrara Bible printed by Abraham ibn Usque |
| 1456 | BIBLE, GUTENBERG | Gutenberg. 42-line bible by Gutenberg |
| 1569 | BIBLE, POLYGLOT | Plantin, Polyglot Bible |
| 1465 | BIBLIA, PAUPERUM | Biblia Pauperum, first typeset edition made near Brussels, illustrations based on drawings by Rogier van der Weijden. |
| 1996 | BIBLIO MAGAZINE | Biblio Magazine, first issue published |
| 1922 | BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY | Oxford Bibliographical Society founded |
| 1809 | BIBLIOMANIA | Thomas Frognell Dibdin (1776-1847) published 1809: THE BIBLIOMANIA; or, Book-Madness; containing some account of the History, Symptoms, and Cure of this Fatal Disease. |
| 1537 | BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONAL | France I ordered that all French presses should deliver a copy of every book they printed to the royal library |
| 1373 | BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE | Bibliotheque Nationale. Charles V is said to be the founder of this library. The 1373 catalogue of his library lists about 1000 volumes, housed in the Louvre |
| 1758 | BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE | Silvestre de Sacy (1758-1838), sensible and analytical scholar, a briljant man who served from 1833 to his death as keeper of Oriental manuscripts at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. |
| 1860 | BINDING | Buckram, first used for bookcovers. |
| 1832 | BINDING | Bookbinding, invention of sewing machine by Philip Watt of London |
| 1686 | BINDING | Magnus, Albertus (d.) important 17th century Amsterdam bookbinder, amongst others Elzevier Bibles |
| 1469 | BINDING | Bookbinding, the first time the roller or roulette appeared in German binderies |
| 1859 | BINDING | McLeish, Charles, d.1949. Binder of Edinburgh, worked for the Doves Bindery |
| 1879 | BINDING | Regemorter, Berthe van, d.1964. Belgium bookbinder |
| 1757 | BINDING | Bohn, Johann,d.1843. German binder, noted for his gilded doublures, and paper marbling |
| 1570 | BINDING | Fanfare, until 1640, book cover decoration developed in France (interlacing ribbons) |
| 1901 | BINDING | Brugalia, Emilio, leading Spanish bookbinder, born in Barcelona. |
| 1584 | BINDING | Ruette, Mace, d.1644, Parisian master binder and court binder |
| 1755 | BINDING | Edwards of Halifax binding firm founded by William Edwards of Yorkshire |
| 1955 | BINDING | Dry Coated paper developed at the Battlefield Memorial Institute, Columbia |
| 1421 | BISTICCI | Bisticci, Vespasiano da, d.1498, Florentine bookseller, had people like Cosimo de Medici as customer. |
| 1490 | BLADO | Blado, Antonio, d.1567. Printer in Rome, had cursive type face designed by Arrighi. |
| 1662 | BLAEU | Blaeu, publication of Atlas Major in 11 volumes |
| 1571 | BLAEU | Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, d.1638. Map engraver, bookseller, printer of Amsterdam |
| 1629 | BLAEU | Blaeu Atlasses made between 1629 and 1662. |
| 1618 | BLAEU | Blaeu firm, renown for their atlasses, active from 1618 to 1672 |
| 1650 | BLAEU | Atlas Magnus Blaeu made between 1650-1662. |
| 1757 | BLAKE | Blake, William, d.1827. English artist-illustrator, illustrated Milton and Dante editions. |
| 1455 | BLOCK BOOK | Block Books in Europe, between 1455 and 1510. |
| 1250 | BLOCK PRINTING | the first record of block printing (on paper?) in Egypt. |
| 1667 | BLON, JAKOB CHRISTOF LE | Jakob Christof Le Blon (1667-1741) was the first to produce an engraving in several colours. He took as his starting point Newston's theory, published in 1702, which stated that all colours in the spectrum are composed of the three primary colours -blue, yellow and red. In practice, however, in order to obtain a satisfactory impression, a fourth plate had to be added, bearing black lines. |
| 1640 | BLOOTELING | Blooteling, Abraham, d.1690. Developed mezzotint (invented in 1642 by Ludwig von Siegen) |
| 1930 | BOAR'S HEAD | Boar's Head Press founded by Christopher Sandford, closed in 1936. |
| 1313 | BOCCACIO | Giovanni Boccacio (1313-1375), author of the DECAMERON. |
| 1634 | BODLEIAN | Bodleian library, see: Digby, Sir Kenelm |
| 1603 | BODLEIAN | Digby, Sir Kenelm, d.1665, donor of the Bodleian Library |
| 1545 | BODLEY | Bodley, Sir Thomas, d.1613. Rebuilder of Oxford University Library bearing his name. |
| 1740 | BODONI | Bodoni, Giambatista,d.1813. Italian printer and punchcutter. |
| 1963 | BODONI, MUSEUM | Bodoni. Museo Bodoniano opened in Parma, Italy. Repository of Bodoni's 70,000 punches, moulds, matrices, proof sheets etc. |
| 480 | BOETHIUS | (480-524), the last learned Roman to study the language and literature of Greece. He wrote his DE CONSOLATIONE PHILOSOPHIAE while awaiting his execution. The Consolation of Philosophy is a dialogue of 39 short poems in 13 different meters that paid tribute to the ancient authors and philosophers. |
| 1757 | BOHN | Bohn, Johann,d.1843. German binder, noted for his gilded doublures, and paper marbling |
| 1867 | BONNARD, PIERRE | (1867-1947), French, studied law, worked at École des Beaux-Arts and Académie Julian, joined the Nabis. First graphic work 1889-1991. Lithographer, designed posters, music sheets, periodical and book covers, and many illlustrations. Also painter. Books:Petites Scènes Familières, Pour Piano (1893); La Lithographie Originale en Couleurs (1898); Parallément (Verlaine, 1900); Daphnis et Chloé (Longus, 1902). |
| -1800 | BOOK OF DEAD | Book of the Dead, Egypt |
| 1935 | BOOKBURNING | Nazis. Bookburning |
| 1825 | BÖRSENVEREIN | Börsenverein der Deutsche Buchhandlung, Organization for German Booktrade, founded (those engaged in reprinting were excluded!) |
| 1833 | BRACQUEMOND, FÉLIX | (1833-1914). Born in Paris. Worked for a commercial lithographer, studied with Guichard. Began etching 1849. Chief painter for Sèvres factory and director of studio for decoration of Haviland porcelain. Book: Les Fleurs du Mal (1861) |
| 1829 | BRAILLE | Braille, Invention of embossed printing for the blind by Louis Braille. |
| 1876 | BRANCUSI, CONSTANTIN | (1876-1957). Rumanian. Studied in art academies of Bucharest and Cracow, emigrated to paris 1904. One of the first abstract sculptors. Also lithographic work. Book: Tales Told of Shem and Shaun (James Joyce, 1929) |
| 1494 | BRANT | Brant. Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff published, illustrated with woodcuts, among them the famous Bookfool woodcut by Durer (?) |
| 1494 | BRANT, SEBASTIAN | Narrenschiff, Ship of Fools, by Sebastian Brant, published by Bergmann von Olpe, Basle, illustrated with 114 woodcuts. |
| 1882 | BRAQUE, GEORGES | (1882-1963). Argenteuil. paris 1900, studied at Académie Humbert and École des Beaux-Arts. Joined Fauves 1906. With Picasso co-founder of Cubism 1908. Painter, sculptor, graphic artist, book illustrator. Books: Le Piège de Méduse (Erik Satie, 1921); Souspente (Tudal, 1945); Le Soleil des Eaux (Char, 1949); Les Chants (Milarepa, 1950); Cinq Sapates (Ponge, 1950); Theogonie (Hesiod, 1955); La bibliothèque est en Feu (Char, 1956); Le Tir à l'Arc (Suzuki/Herrigel, 1960) |
| 1944 | BREMER PRESSE | Bremer Presse destroyed by bombing. |
| 1911 | BREMER PRESSE | Bremer Presse, founded in 1911. |
| 1753 | BRITISH LIBRARY | British Library. The national library of Britain came into being in 1753 when parliament decided to purchase the collection of books and manuscripts that had been left by Hans Sloane. A few years later George II presented the Royal library |
| 1860 | BRITISH TYPOGRAPHIA | Jones, George W., d. 1942, Bitish master printer, founded The British Typographia in 1887 |
| 1901 | BRUGALIA | Brugalia, Emilio, leading Spanish bookbinder, born in Barcelona. |
| 1810 | BRUNET | Brunet's Manuel du Libraire et de l'amateur de livres published. |
| 1448 | BRUSSELS LIBRARY | Chronique du Hainaut, illustration by Rogier van der Weyden (manuscript is in Royal Library of Brussels) |
| 1860 | BUCKRAM | Buckram, first used for bookcovers. |
| 1857 | BULLEN | Bullen, Henry Lewis, d.1938, creator of American Type Founders Company Library and Museum in Jersey City. |
| 1863 | BULLOCK | Rotary web-fed letterpress machine invented by William Bullock. |
| 1473 | BURCKMAIER | Burckmaier, Hans, d.1531. After Durer leading (book)illustrator. |
| 1508 | BURGKMAIR | Earliest dated German colour woodcut: The Emperor Maximilian on Horseback by Hans Burgkmair (1473-1531) |
| 1396 | BURGUNDY | Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. |
| 1833 | BURNE-JONES, EDWARD | (1833-1898). England. Attended Exeter College with William Morris, with whom he settled in London. Associated with Pre-Raphaelites. Books: The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer Now Newly Imprinted (Kelmscott Press, 1896) |
| 1832 | BUSCH, WILHELM | (1832-1908). Germany. Studied at Düsseldorf and Munich academies. Painter, graphic artist, poet, illustrator. Book: Krischan mit der Piepe (1864) |
| 1423 | BUXHEIM | Buxheim Saint Christopher, early dated European woodcut illustrations |
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