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Brennan, M.M., van Geffen, J., van Weele, M., Zgaga, L. and Shraim, R.: 2024,
Clinical Nutrition 43, 1308-1317.
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.006
Methods
Asian, Black, and White participants from the UK Biobank cohort were
included (N = 438,978). The Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet
Service provided UVB data which we linked to participants' place of
residence. UVB dose over 135 days prior to blood draw was weighted and
added, yielding cumulative and weighted UVB (CW-D-UVB). The association
between 25(OH)D and selected variables was assessed in multivariable linear
regression models with and without interactions, stratified by ethnicity.
Predictors were ranked using standardised β-coefficients.
Results
Median 25(OH)D differed by ethnicity (Asian: 25.4 nmol/L (10.2 ng/mL),
Black: 30.6 nmol/L (12.2 ng/mL), White: 47.9 nmol/L (19.2 ng/mL), p-value <
0.001). CW-D-UVB was strongly associated with 25(OH)D in all ethnicities. It
was the most important predictor in White (βAsian = 0.15, βBlack = 0.20,
βWhite = 0.35), whereas supplementation was in Asian and Black participants
(βAsian = 0.30, βBlack = 0.24, βWhite = 0.21). We identified statistically
significant interactions between BMI:supplementation (all), CW-D-UVB:sex
(Asian and White), and CW-D-UVB:age (Black and White), and in White
population between CW-D-UVB and supplementation, BMI, and cholesterol.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was widespread, particularly among non-White
individuals. UVB was a strong predictor of 25(OH)D and the effect was
modified by other factors. Findings suggest that accurately measured
ambient-UVB radiation and interactions could improve 25(OH)D prediction
models, and support personalised approaches to vitamin D optimisation.
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