Not Using the /P Switch with the SHELL Command (95554)


The information in this article applies to:
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 2.11
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 3.1
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 3.2
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 3.21
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 3.3
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 3.3a
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 4.0
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 4.01
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 5.0
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 5.0a
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 6.0
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 6.2
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 6.21
    • Microsoft MS-DOS operating system 6.22
    • Microsoft Windows 95
    • Microsoft Windows 98
    • Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition
This article was previously published under Q95554

SUMMARY

This article discusses the SHELL command's /P switch and covers the following information:
    • Effects of Not Using /P
    • Disabling AUTOEXEC.BAT by Removing /P
    • Background Information on SHELL and /P

MORE INFORMATION

Effects of Not Using /P

If you do not use the /P switch with the SHELL command in the CONFIG.SYS file, the following problems may occur:
    • The AUTOEXEC.BAT file is not processed.
    • The EXIT command is not disabled and causes the system to stop responding ("hang") in MS-DOS 2.x through 5.0.
    • In MS-DOS 6.0 and later the EXIT command causes the following error message:

    Bad or missing Command Interpreter
    Enter correct name of Command Interpreter (e.g., C:\COMMAND.COM)

    • SET, PATH, PROMPT, and other environment variable-related commands behave erratically.
    • A "Required parameter missing" message is displayed if the /MSG switch is in the SHELL command in CONFIG.SYS (MS-DOS 4.x and 5.0 only).
    • Other system instabilities appear.
Microsoft does not recommend using SHELL without the /P switch to load COMMAND.COM. The following SHELL command demonstrates correct usage of the /P switch: 
   shell=c:\command.com c:\ /p
If you use the /K switch on the SHELL= line, you should also use the /P switch to prevent COMMAND.COM from being unloaded.

Effects of Not Using /P with Windows 95:

If you are using Windows 95 and you do not use the /P switch on the SHELL= line, Windows 95 boots only to a command prompt, with the error message "File creation error." You can start Windows 95 by typing win after you receive the error message.

Disabling AUTOEXEC.BAT by Removing /P

When using some disk-compression configurations, you cannot always disable the AUTOEXEC.BAT file by renaming it. In such cases, you can cause MS-DOS to boot without processing AUTOEXEC.BAT by modifying the SHELL command in the CONFIG.SYS file. For example, change the line 
   shell=c:\dos\command.com c:\dos /p /e:1024
-to- 
   shell=c:\dos\command.com c:\dos
NOTE: If you are using Stacker version 2.0 or later, see "Stacker 2.0 and /SYNC Switch" below.

When Is Renaming the AUTOEXEC.BAT File Not Possible?

Disk-compression utilities such as Stacker and SuperStor can be configured to create a compressed drive, which is then swapped with the actual drive C. In these cases, the AUTOEXEC.BAT file is not actually stored on drive C.

Booting from a standard MS-DOS floppy disk allows access to the real hard disk, but not to the compressed drive. Booting from the hard disk while loading COMMAND.COM without the /P switch will disable AUTOEXEC.BAT processing so that you can boot from the hard disk and troubleshoot the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If the CONFIG.SYS file includes a SHELL= command, remove the /P switch. If no editor is available, the command 
   echo shell=c:\command.com c:\ >> config.sys
appends the line 
   shell=c:\command.com c:\
to the end of the CONFIG.SYS file, overriding any SHELL= commands elsewhere in the CONFIG.SYS file.

Stacker 2.0 and /SYNC Switch

Beginning with Stacker version 2.0, the drive-swapping utility SSWAP includes a /SYNC switch. The /SYNC switch causes SSWAP to attempt to synchronize the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files on the real drive with those on the compressed drive. If you are using Stacker version 2.0, do the following:
    • Verify that the /SYNC switch is enabled in the CONFIG.SYS file
    • Make modifications to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file on the real drive (including renaming it if necessary)
    • Allow SSWAP to synchronize the changes between the drives. By default, it copies the file with the later date/time stamp over the earlier version of the file.

Background Information on SHELL and /P

The SHELL command tells the system what command interpreter to load during startup. (The term "shell" is taken from UNIX to describe the user's operating environment; it is not related to MS-DOS Shell.) The purpose of SHELL is to allow you to use an alternative to the MS-DOS default COMMAND.COM (for example, JP Software's 4DOS), or to tailor how COMMAND.COM loads. If no SHELL command exists, \COMMAND.COM /P is invoked on startup.

The /P switch tells COMMAND.COM that this copy of COMMAND.COM is permanent; thus, EXIT is disabled and the environment space is initialized. Finally, if the AUTOEXEC.BAT file exists, it is processed; if not, COMMAND.COM executes TIME and DATE before presenting the drive C command prompt.
Modification Type: Major Last Reviewed: 5/10/2003
Keywords: kbenv kbinfo KB95554
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